A 3D model you can take apart. Rotate it, zoom in, and tap any part to see what it does.
Power50%
North pole
South pole
Coil carrying current
What you're seeing
The front cap is hidden so you can look straight into the motor. Three Hall sensors behind the rotor report which magnet pole is over them. From that, the controller sends current through two of the three phases (U, V, W). The energized teeth become electromagnets that pull the rotor's magnets around.
Six switching steps make one electrical cycle. With four magnet poles, that moves the rotor half a turn. Switch to manual steps to advance one step at a time.